Designer Functions: AI Exposure Assessment

Assessing the timeline for AI-driven skill offload across the design profession

Background and Purpose

This assessment tool helps designers, educators, and organisations evaluate how AI is likely to transform specific design tasks over the coming years. It draws on established design theory to provide a comprehensive inventory of designer functions and tasks across the Double Diamond framework.

The key question is not whether AI will fully replace designers, but whether AI enables significant cognitive or skill offload. Can a highly skilled expert be replaced by a less experienced person augmented with AI tools? Even partial automation can fundamentally reshape professional practice, career pathways, and educational requirements.

The tool recognises that impact doesn't require complete AI handoff. A task may be substantially transformed when AI handles the cognitively demanding portions, reduces the expertise threshold, or accelerates execution—even if human oversight remains necessary.

Theoretical Foundations

The framework integrates multiple perspectives on design practice:

Problem Solving Newell & Simon; Ulm School — Design as systematic decomposition and rational analysis
Meaning Making Krippendorff — Design creates semantic artifacts that must be interpretable by users
Reflective Practice Schön — Design as conversation with the situation; reflection-in-action
Frame Innovation Dorst — Abductive reasoning; creating new frames to see problems differently
Wicked Problems Rittel & Buchanan — Problems that resist definition; formulation and solution intertwined
Co-Design Sanders & Stappers — Users as partners, not just subjects; participatory methods
Design Synthesis Kolko — Abductive sensemaking; creating normalcy out of chaos
Human-Centered Design Norman — Placing human needs and capabilities at the centre of process

Practical Application

The Double Diamond (Design Council) provides the organising structure: Discover and Define phases address problem understanding, while Develop and Deliver phases address solution creation. Within each phase, designer functions group related tasks.

The framework applies across physical product design, service design, and interaction design, recognising that methods flex to context while core cognitive processes remain consistent.

A note on prediction horizons: Forecasting technological change beyond 5 years is highly speculative. The timescales in this tool should be understood as rough indicators rather than precise predictions. The "Long-term" and "Distant/Never" categories acknowledge fundamental uncertainty about whether and when certain capabilities might emerge. Use these assessments to prompt discussion rather than as definitive forecasts.

How to Use This Tool

Navigate to each phase tab and rate individual tasks according to when you believe AI will significantly impact how that task is performed. Consider not just full automation but meaningful skill offload—the point at which the expertise required to perform the task competently is substantially reduced by AI assistance.

The Summary tab aggregates your ratings to highlight which functions and phases face the most imminent transformation.

AI Exposure Timeline Scale

Rate each task by when AI is likely to enable significant skill offload—the point at which the expertise threshold for competent performance is meaningfully reduced. This may occur through automation, augmentation, or AI-assisted workflows that reduce the need for deep specialist knowledge.

5

Now

AI is already substantially transforming this task. Tools exist and are in active use by practitioners. A less experienced person with AI can approach the output quality of an unaided expert.

4

Imminent — within 12 months

AI capabilities are emerging rapidly. Significant skill offload expected within the next year based on current trajectories and announced developments.

3

Near-term — 1 to 3 years

AI will likely impact this task as technology matures and integrates into professional workflows. Clear research directions suggest feasibility.

2

Mid-term — 3 to 5 years

AI may impact this task, but significant technical or practical barriers remain. Transformation possible but not certain within this window.

1

Long-term — 5 to 10 years

Fundamental challenges make near-term transformation unlikely. May require breakthroughs in AI capabilities not yet demonstrated. High uncertainty.

0

Distant / Never

This task may inherently require human presence, judgment, or relational qualities that cannot be replicated by AI—or transformation is beyond any reasonable prediction horizon. Use for tasks where expert human involvement seems irreducibly essential.

Rating Key:
5 Now
4 Imminent (12mo)
3 Near (1-3yr)
2 Mid (3-5yr)
1 Long (5-10yr)
0 Distant/Never
Phase 1 — Divergent

Discover

Understanding the problem space through research and exploration. Opening up to complexity; gathering evidence; building empathy.
Rating Key:
5 Now
4 Imminent (12mo)
3 Near (1-3yr)
2 Mid (3-5yr)
1 Long (5-10yr)
0 Distant/Never
Phase 2 — Convergent

Define

Synthesizing insights to frame the core design challenge. Making sense of complexity; creating focus through generative framing.
Rating Key:
5 Now
4 Imminent (12mo)
3 Near (1-3yr)
2 Mid (3-5yr)
1 Long (5-10yr)
0 Distant/Never
Phase 3 — Divergent

Develop

Generating and exploring potential solutions. Making ideas tangible; co-evolving problem understanding through exploration.
Rating Key:
5 Now
4 Imminent (12mo)
3 Near (1-3yr)
2 Mid (3-5yr)
1 Long (5-10yr)
0 Distant/Never
Phase 4 — Convergent

Deliver

Refining and implementing the final solution. Optimizing for implementation; maintaining design intent through production.
Rating Key:
5 Now
4 Imminent (12mo)
3 Near (1-3yr)
2 Mid (3-5yr)
1 Long (5-10yr)
0 Distant/Never
Cross-Cutting

Reflective Practitioner

Operating throughout all phases: continuous reflection-in-action, problem-solution co-evolution, and frame management.

Assessment Summary

Overview of AI exposure ratings across all designer functions and tasks. Higher averages indicate tasks likely to face earlier AI-driven skill offload.

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